Karlin, S. (2001). Detecting anomalous gene clusters and pathogenicity islands in diverse bacterial genomes. Trends Microbiol. 9: 335.   [PubMed | Publisher]

  • Karlin presented the five criteria of detecting anomalous gene clusters and pathogenicity islands in bacterial genome and raised some examples.  This is the major reference our study is based on.

Attree, O., and Attree, I. (2002).  A second type III secretion system in Burkholderia pseudomallei: who is the real culprit? Microbiol. 147: 3197-3199.  [PubMed | Publisher]

Winstanley, C., Hales, B.A., and Hart, C.A. (1999).  Evidence for the presence in Burkholderia pseudomallei of a type III secretion system-associated gene cluster. J. Med. Microbiol. 48: 649-656.  [PubMed | Publisher]

  • Winstanley and Attree present the discovery of two type III secretion systems in B. pseudomallei.  Both discoveries were based on sequence homology to known type III secretion systems in related species.

Hueck, C.J. (1998).  Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animal and plants. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62: 379-433.  [PubMed | Publisher]
  • A very comprehensive and informative review on the various type III secretion systems in bacteria.

Karlin, S., Campbell, A.M., and Mrazek, J. (1998).  Comparative DNA analysis across diverse genomes. Annu. Rev. Genet. 32: 185-225.  [PubMed | Publisher]

  • An earlier paper of Karlin and colleagues on some issues of comparative DNA analysis across genomes of different species.

Hacker, J., and Haper, J.B. (2000).  Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of microbes. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 54: 641-679.  [PubMed | Publisher]

  • A very good review on pathogenicity islands and their features.

 

Chen Kang